import csv

with open("ATTENDANCE.CSV", "r") as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    for row in reader:
        name = row[0]
        total_att = float(row[1])
        max_att = float(row[2])
        
        avg_att = (total_att / max_att) * 100
        
        if avg_att < 75:
            print(f"{name}: WARNING")
        else:
            print(f"{name}: OK")

import random

def HURRY():
    with open("abc.txt", "r") as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
        for line in lines:
            words = line.split()
            if words:
                print(random.choice(words))

def END():
    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
    count = 0
    with open("xyz.txt", "r") as f:
        text = f.read()
        words = text.split()
        for w in words:
            if w[0] in vowels and w[-1] in vowels:
                count += 1
    print("Count of words:", count)

N = int(input("Give a number: "))
a = 1
while N >= a:               # Error 1: Condition changed from '>' to '>='
    if N % 5 == 0 and N % 7 == 0:  # Error 2: Changed 'or' to 'and'
        print(N, end=" ")   # Error 3: Printed N instead of a
    N -= 1                  # Error 4: Decremented N instead of incrementing

def MULTIPLE(data, n):
    for key, value in data.items():
        if value % n == 0:
            print(key)

def FUN(N, A):
    L = []
    for i in range(1, N + 1):
        if i % A != 0:
            L.append(i)
    return L

Yes, it can still be read in Python using the csv.reader() method by specifying the delimiter=';' parameter.

import csv
with open("filename.csv", "r") as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter=';')
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

I would choose a CSV (Comma-Separated Values) file.

Reason: CSV files are universally supported by tabular file formats like MS Excel, easy to handle in Python, lightweight, and store data in structured tabular rows and columns.

a) False

b) and

while True:
    try:
        qty = int(input("Enter quantity: "))
        print("Quantity entered successfully:", qty)
        break
    except ValueError:
        print("Invalid input! Please re-enter a valid integer number.")

a) False (a+ mode opens for both appending and reading).

b) False (It returns a list of strings/lines).

c) True (The file pointer reaches EOF after first read, returning "" next time).

     #
    **
   ###
  ****
 #####
******
 *****
  ****
   ***
    **
     *
     

(i) 4 times (Values of x: 4, 13, 40, 121).

(ii) 21 times (From 20 down to 0).

(iii) Infinite times (899 is always truthy in Python).

with open("log.txt", "r") as f:
    content = f.read()

# Count ERROR occurrences
error_count = content.count("ERROR")
print("Total 'ERROR' count:", error_count)

# Replace INFO with INFORMATION
updated_content = content.replace("INFO", "INFORMATION")

# Save updated logs back to log.txt
with open("log.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write(updated_content)

a) 9 (Total 9 words present).

b) split() splits the string by whitespaces into a list of individual words, allowing len() to count total words.

c) Yes, because opening in "w" mode overwrites the file each time with the same given string.

d) Add code: python_count = content.count("Python") or iterate through list: words.count("Python").

a) sort() modifies the list in-place and returns None. sorted() returns a new sorted list leaving original unchanged.

# Part b
T = eval(input("Enter tuple of passed roll numbers: "))
rno = int(input("Enter roll number to search: "))

# (i)
if rno in T:
    print("Roll number found!")
else:
    print("Roll number not found!")

# (ii)
print("Total students passed:", len(T))

# (iii)
print("Roll numbers in ascending order:", sorted(T))

def travel(T):
    # a) Visited > 3 times
    print("Cities visited > 3 times:")
    for city in set(T):
        if T.count(city) > 3:
            print(city)

    # b) Cities without vowels
    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
    print("Cities without vowels:")
    for city in set(T):
        if not any(ch in vowels for ch in city):
            print(city)

    # c) Unique cities count
    print("Unique cities visited:", len(set(T)))

import csv

def ORDER():
    with open("orders.csv", "w", newline="") as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(["OrderID", "CustomerName", "Item", "Quantity", "Price"])
        for i in range(8):
            oid = input("Enter OrderID: ")
            cname = input("Enter Customer Name: ")
            item = input("Enter Item: ")
            qty = int(input("Enter Quantity: "))
            price = float(input("Enter Price: "))
            writer.writerow([oid, cname, item, qty, price])

def DISPLAY():
    total_orders = 0
    total_revenue = 0.0
    with open("orders.csv", "r") as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)
        next(reader) # skip header
        for row in reader:
            total_orders += 1
            total_revenue += int(row[3]) * float(row[4])
    print("Total Orders:", total_orders)
    print("Total Revenue Generated:", total_revenue)

p1 = input("Enter paragraph 1: ")
p2 = input("Enter paragraph 2: ")

with open("file1.txt", "w") as f1:
    f1.write(p1)

with open("file2.txt", "w") as f2:
    f2.write(p2)

# Read both files
words = []
with open("file1.txt", "r") as f1, open("file2.txt", "r") as f2:
    words.extend(f1.read().split())
    words.extend(f2.read().split())

# Remove duplicates & sort alphabetically
unique_sorted_words = sorted(list(set(words)))

# Write into merged.txt
with open("merged.txt", "w") as fm:
    fm.write(" ".join(unique_sorted_words))

print("Merged file generated successfully.")

a) True

# (i) PUSH(S)
def PUSH(S):
    while True:
        if len(S) >= 500:
            print("Overflow")
            break
        eid = input("Enter EmpID: ")
        name = input("Enter Name: ")
        sal = float(input("Enter Salary: "))
        S.append([eid, name, sal])
        choice = input("Do you want to add more? (y/n): ")
        if choice.lower() != 'y':
            break

# (ii) SHOW(S)
def SHOW(S):
    if not S:
        print("Empty Stack")
        return
    avg_sal = sum(emp[2] for emp in S) / len(S)
    for emp in S:
        if emp[2] > avg_sal:
            print("Employee Name:", emp[1])

a) True

# (i) DELETE(History)
def DELETE(History):
    if not History:
        print("Under Flow")
    else:
        removed = History.pop()
        print("Deleted Page:", removed)

# (ii) SHOW_RECENT(History, n)
def SHOW_RECENT(History, n):
    if not History:
        print("No browsing history available")
    else:
        for page in reversed(History[-n:]):
            print("URL:", page[0], "| Title:", page[1])

a) Pickling: It is the process of converting Python objects (like lists, dicts) into a byte stream to save into a binary file using the pickle module.

import pickle

# (i) Write 50 student records
with open("students.dat", "wb") as f:
    for i in range(1, 51):
        rec = {"RollNo": i, "Name": f"Student_{i}", "Marks": 50 + i}
        pickle.dump(rec, f)

# (ii) & (iii) Display >80 marks and Count
count = 0
with open("students.dat", "rb") as f:
    try:
        while True:
            rec = pickle.load(f)
            count += 1
            if rec["Marks"] > 80:
                print("Name:", rec["Name"])
    except EOFError:
        pass

print("Total student records:", count)

a) pickle.dump() method is used.

import pickle, os

# (i) Stock less than 10
def low_stock():
    with open("products.dat", "rb") as f:
        try:
            while True:
                p = pickle.load(f)
                if p[3] < 10:
                    print("Product Name:", p[1])
        except EOFError:
            pass

# (ii) Append new product
def append_product():
    with open("products.dat", "ab") as f:
        pid = input("ID: ")
        pname = input("Name: ")
        price = float(input("Price: "))
        stock = int(input("Stock: "))
        pickle.dump([pid, pname, price, stock], f)

# (iii) Increase price by 10 if price > 500
def update_price():
    fin = open("products.dat", "rb")
    fout = open("temp.dat", "wb")
    try:
        while True:
            p = pickle.load(fin)
            if p[2] > 500:
                p[2] += 10
            pickle.dump(p, fout)
    except EOFError:
        fin.close()
        fout.close()
    os.remove("products.dat")
    os.rename("temp.dat", "products.dat")